Correlation between depression， anxiety and social support among grade three senior high school students under in-school quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo assess the level of depression， anxiety and social support among grade three senior high school students under in-school quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic， so as to provide references for targeted psychological intervention of them. MethodsA total of 724 grade three senior high school students from three key schools in Binzhou City， Shandong Province were selected using random sampling method. Generalized Anxiety Disorder （GAD-7）， Patients' Health Questionnaire Depression Scale-9 item （PHQ-9） and Perceived Social Support Scale （PSSS） were used to survey the psychological status including anxiety， depression and the level of social support. Partial correlation analysis was adopted to discuss the correlation of PSSS score with GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores， meantime， the multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between PSSS and PHQ-9 scores. ResultsAmong grade three senior high school students， 341 （48.64%） and 383 （54.64%） were found to have symptoms of anxiety and depression， respectively. PSSS total score as well as the dimension score of family support and other support of female students were higher than those of male students， with statistical significance （t=-3.431， -3.048， -4.482， P<0.01）. GAD-7， PSSS total scores and the dimension scores of family support and other support demonstrated statistical differences among grade three senior high school students with different selections of academic subjects for college entrance examination （F=1.992， 2.660， 2.074， 3.138， P<0.05 or 0.01）. PHQ-9 score was negatively correlated with the total score and each dimension score of PSSS （r=-0.329， -0.283， -0.284， -0.284， P<0.01）. The dimension score of family support and friend support in PSSS could negatively predict the PHQ-9 score （B=-0.213， -0.308， P<0.01）. ConclusionGrade three senior high school students under in-school quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic suffer a high prevalence rate of anxiety and depression， while students with higher perceived social support scores report fewer symptoms of depression. Hence， improving the level of social support may alleviate depression in students.

Understanding endometriosis from an immunomicroenvironmental perspective / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Endometriosis, a heterogeneous, inflammatory, and estrogen-dependent gynecological disease defined by the presence and growth of endometrial tissues outside the lining of the uterus, affects approximately 5-10% of reproductive-age women, causing chronic pelvic pain and reduced fertility. Although the etiology of endometriosis is still elusive, emerging evidence supports the idea that immune dysregulation can promote the survival and growth of retrograde endometrial debris. Peritoneal macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells exhibit deficient cytotoxicity in the endometriotic microenvironment, leading to inefficient eradication of refluxed endometrial fragments. In addition, the imbalance of T-cell subtypes results in aberrant cytokine production and chronic inflammation, which contribute to endometriosis development. Although it remains uncertain whether immune dysregulation represents an initial cause or merely a secondary enhancer of endometriosis, therapies targeting altered immune pathways exhibit satisfactory effects in preventing disease onset and progression. Here, we summarize the phenotypic and functional alterations of immune cells in the endometriotic microenvironment, focusing on their interactions with microbiota and endocrine and nervous systems, and how these interactions contribute to the etiology and symptomology of endometriosis.

Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in community-dwelling elderly women and its influencing factors / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To analyze the status quo and influencing factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in community-dwelling elderly women.Methods:A total of 9 754 female residents aged 60-79 years who attended health check-up in Anting Town Community Health Service Center from June 2019 to December 2021 were enrolled in the study. According to the ultrasound diagnosis, there were 5 220 cases of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD group) and 4 534 cases without NAFLD (non-NAFLD group). The general information, physiological and biochemical indicators were compared between two groups with Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test; the influence factors of NAFLD were analyzed with logistic regression. Results:The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 53.52%(5 220/9 754), prevalence in the 65-69 age group was the highest and that in the 75-79 age group was the lowest. Body mass index ( Z=47.667), waist circumference ( Z=45.949), waist-to-hip ratio ( Z=30.805), systolic blood pressure ( Z=7.543), diastolic blood pressure ( Z=7.621), fasting blood glucose ( Z=20.298), glycated hemoglobin ( Z=23.588), alanine aminotransferase ( Z=29.624), aspartate aminotransferase ( Z=7.824), total bilirubin ( Z=4.441), triglyceride ( Z=34.597), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( Z=2.476) and blood uric acid ( Z=29.934) levels of NAFLD group were significantly higher than those in non-NAFLD group (all P<0.05); the mean age ( Z=-3.885) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( Z=-23.553) in NAFLD group were significantly lower than those in non-NAFLD group (all P<0.001); there were no significant differences in the levels of total cholesterol ( Z=1.762)and creatinine ( Z=1.453) between the two groups (all P>0.05). The proportion of patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus ( χ2=368.395), hypertension ( χ2=208.503), hypertriglyceridemia ( χ2=883.831), hyperuricemia ( χ2=228.562), central obesity ( χ2=1 506.580), high risk of stroke ( χ2=605.322) and high risk of ASCVD ( χ 2=309.434) in NAFLD group were significantly higher than that of non-NAFLD group (all P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that age ( OR=0.937, 95% CI: 0.928-0.946), body mass index ( OR=1.224, 95% CI:1.194-1.255), waist circumference ( OR=1.072, 95% CI: 1.062-1.082), glycosylated hemoglobin ( OR=1.348, 95% CI: 1.275-1.426), alanine aminotransferase ( OR=1.032, 95% CI: 1.026-1.037), triglyceride ( OR=1.757, 95% CI: 1.646-1.875) and serum uric acid ( OR=1.004, 95% CI: 1.004-1.005) levels were the influencing factors for NAFLD in elderly women (all P<0.001). Conclusion:The prevalence rate of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the community-dwelling elderly women is high, which are associated with multiple influencing factors.

Research progress of the relationship between fluorosis and cardiovascular disease / 中华地方病学杂志

Fluorosis is widely prevalent worldwide, and China is one of the countries with a high incidence of endemic fluorosis. In recent years, study on non skeletal damage caused by fluorosis, especially cardiovascular system damage, has gradually increased. Fluoride can cause cardio vascular arteriosclerosis, hypertension and other diseases, while cardiovascular disease have hidden and acute onset, and the mortality rate has increased year by year in recent years. At present, the mechanism of cardiovascular diseases caused by fluoride is not yet clear, and further clarification is needed. This article provides an overview of the effects of fluoride on cardiovascular diseases from three aspect: epidemiological investigation, animals experiment, and in vitro cell experiment. It categorizes and analyzes the pathogenesis, providing new ideas for the study of cardiovascular system damage caused by fluorosis.

Progress on the influence of seasonal and environmental factors on OSAHS in children / 国际儿科学杂志

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) is one of the common diseases harmful to children′s health.OSAHS is a disease characterized by complete or partial obstruction of the upper respiratory tract, accompanied by blood gas changes and atypical sleep patterns.The incidence of OSAHS is on the rise.OSAHS can cause a series of physical, mental and developmental abnormalities in children, resulting in negative consequences for children.Common causes of OSAHS in children include mechanisms such as compliance changes caused by increased upper airway resistance and influence of neural regulation.Meanwhile, studies have shown that season、environmental factors have certain effects on the incidence and severity of OSAHS and sleep structure.This paper reviews the effects of season and environmental factors on children with OSAHS.

Evaluation of eCura scoring system for treatment strategy selection after non-curative endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To evaluate the adjuvant role of the eCura scoring system in selecting appropriate treatment strategies after non-curative endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of early gastric cancer (EGC) patients.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 110 EGC patients who underwent non-curative ESD at Fujian Provincial Hospital from January 2015 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the eCura score, patients were divided into three lymph node metastasis (LNM) risk groups: low-risk group (79 cases), middle-risk group (22 cases), and high-risk group (9 cases). The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to test the diagnostic efficacy of eCura scoring system in predicting LNM. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influence of risk stratification of eCura scoring system on LNM. Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate cancer survival rate, which was then compared with log-rank test.Results:Thirty-five patients underwent additional standard surgery after ESD, including 22 in the low-risk group, 8 in the middle-risk group, and 5 in the high-risk group. Among them, 5 cases had LNM, including 1 case in the low-risk group and the middle-risk group respectively and 3 cases in the high-risk group. The area under the ROC curve was 0.857 (95% CI: 0.697-0.952, P=0.001), and when the cut-off value of the eCura score was set at 3, the Yuden index reached the maximum value of 0.7, with the corresponding sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 90%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of LNM in the middle-risk group was about 3.00 times (95% CI: 0.17-54.57, P=0.458) as high as that in the low-risk group, and the probability of LNM in the high-risk group was about 31.50 times (95% CI: 2.14-463.14, P=0.012) of that in the low-risk group. The follow-up time was 12 to 58 months, and the median follow-up time was 40 months. There were 10 cases of recurrence, including 4 cases in the low-risk group, 3 cases in the middle-risk group and 3 cases in the high-risk group, of which 2 cases in the low-risk group were from those of additional standard surgery after ESD, and the remaining 8 cases were from those who did not receive additional standard surgery after ESD. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the survival rate of patients with additional surgery in the low-risk group was similar to that of patients without ( P=0.319), and the survival rate of patients with additional surgery in the middle-risk group was also similar to that of patients without ( P=0.296). The survival rate of patients with additional surgery in the high-risk group was significantly higher than that of those without ( P=0.013). Conclusion:The eCura scoring system can assist the selection of treatment strategies after non-curative resection of EGC, and can accurately predict the risk of subsequent LNM and recurrence. Close follow-up may be an acceptable option for patients with low risk of LNM, and additional standard surgical treatment may be more conducive to improving the prognosis in patients with high risk of LNM.

Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of induction chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy±concurrent chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in the era of intensity-modulated radiation therapy / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To compare the efficacy and adverse events of induction chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy alone (IC+ RT) and induction chemotherapy combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (IC+ CCRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the era of intensity-modulated radiation therapy in this Meta-analysis.Methods:Retrospective or randomized controlled clinical studies published between 2010 and 2020 were searched from the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. The selected studies included nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with IC+ CCRT or IC+ RT. STATA 12 software was used to combine the hazard ratio (HR), risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and random or fixed effect models were used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 2483 patients from eight retrospective studies were included. The overall survival in the IC+ CCRT group was similar to that in the IC+ RT group ( HR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.58-1.04, P=0.091). However, the distant metastasis-free survival ( HR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.42-0.74, P<0.001) and progression-free survival ( HR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.54-0.77, P<0.001) were improved in the IC+ CCRT group compared with those in the IC+ RT group. In terms of adverse reactions, the acute adverse reactions in the IC+ CCRT group were increased significantly compared with those in the IC+ RT group. Conclusions:In the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the overall survival of two treatment modes is similar, but the distant metastasis-free survival and progression-free survival in the IC+ CCRT group are better than those in the IC+ RT group, whereas the incidence of adverse reactions is also increased. IC+ CCRT may be a recommended treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, but more research is needed.

Epidemiological characteristics and transmission chain of COVID-19 in Harbin in January 2021 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To observe the epidemiological characteristics and transmission chain of COVID-19 in Harbin, and to provide epidemiological evidence for improving the COVID-19 preventive measures and optimizing prevention and control strategies.Methods:The epidemic situation of COVID-19 in Harbin in January 2021 was analyzed by using the Infectious Disease Report Information Management System and the Public Health Emergency Management Information System of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, the epidemic situation information publicly released by the Heilongjiang Provincial Health Commission, and the epidemiological report of Heilongjiang Province Certer for Disease Control and Prevention and Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The main transmission chains were sorted out through combination of epidemiological field investigation, serological testing, gene sequencing, big data and other means.Results:From January 12 to February 4, 2021, 295 cases of COVID-19 infection (including confirmed cases and asymptomatic infections) were reported in Harbin, which affected 6 districts of Harbin and were concentrated in 41 of the 274 townships in the city. The sex ratio of male to female was 1.00∶1.12 (139∶156); the age ranged from 1 to 86 years old, and the median age was 45 years old. The proportion of confirmed cases and asymptomatic infection was 1.00 ∶ 1.02 (146 ∶ 149), and there was a significant difference in the distribution of different ages between them ( P = 0.042). The cases were mainly found through the health screening of the centralized isolation personnel (178 cases, 60.3%). Other detection methods included active screening (87 cases, 29.5%), screening of the home isolation personnel (26 cases, 8.8%), and medical treatment in medical institutions (4 cases, 1.4%). The main transmission chain of the outbreak was the case associated with a food processing enterprise, with a total of 259 cases, accounting for 87.8% of the total cases. The gene sequencing results showed that the case sequence was homologous with that of Wangkui County, Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province. Conclusions:A food processing enterprise is involved in the main transmission chain, which indicates that the epidemic prevention and control measures needs to be further optimized. Specifically, the supervision and management of food processing enterprises, cold chain storage companies and other enterprises should be strengthened. High attention should be paid to the hidden dangers of COVID-19 in large and medium sized enterprises with hermetic space in Harbin.

Safety and long-term efficacy of endoscopic resection of large gastric stromal tumors: a multicenter retrospective study / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To evaluate the safety and long-term efficacy of endoscopic resection of gastric stromal tumors with a diameter of >2-4 cm.Methods:The clinical data of 307 patients, who underwent endoscopic or surgical resection and pathologically confirmed to be gastric stromal tumors with a diameter ≤4 cm in Fujian Provincial Hospital, Jinshan Branch of Fujian Provincial Hospital or Fujian Geriatric Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019, were collected. The propensity score matching (1∶1) was performed for the cases with the tumor size of >2-4 cm.Then the incidence of adverse events related to the operation and clinical outcomes were compared between 41 patients in the endoscopic group and 41 patients in the surgical group.Results:Compared with the surgical group, the median operation time in the endoscopic group was significantly shorter (58.0 min VS 108.0 min, Z=-4.789, P<0.001), and the median hospitalization cost was significantly lower (22.7 thousand yuan VS 42.0 thousand yuan, Z=-7.164, P<0.001). There were no significant differences in postoperative fasting time or postoperative hospitalization time between the two groups ( P>0.05). Complications occurred in 7 cases (17.1%) in the endoscopy group, including 5 cases of postoperative acute infection, 1 case of postoperative perforation, and 1 case of postoperative bleeding; all 9 cases (22.0%) in the surgical group developed postoperative acute infection. There was no significant difference in the overall incidence of complications between the two groups ( χ2=0.311, P=0.577). Tumors in both groups were completely removed with negative resection margins. The follow-up time of the endoscopy group was 34.3±15.6 months, and that of the surgical group was 42.2±20.2 months. No recurrence or distant metastasis was observed during the follow-up period in the two groups. Conclusion:Endoscopic resection of large gastric stromal tumor (range>2-4 cm) is safe and effective in the long term, which can be used as one of the methods for gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Discussion on the priority development areas of endemiology in the 14th Five-Year Plan / 中华地方病学杂志

Based on the general goal of the medium and long term development of basic science from 2021 to 2035 and the "14th Five-Year Plan" in China, combined with the national strategic needs, this paper discusses the five priority development areas of endemiology according to the development trends and characteristics of endemiology in the next 5 - 15 years. The five areas are study on the pathogenesis and prevention measures of endemic fluorosis; study on risk assessment, pathogenic mechanism and control strategy of environmental arsenic exposure; research on the basis and application transformation of the pathogenesis of iodine nutrition-related diseases; molecular mechanism and targeted intervention of cartilage injury in Kashin-Beck disease; precise prevention and treatment, preservation of biological samples and etiology study of Keshan disease. Combined with the scientific significance and national strategic needs of various field, the authors analyze its main study directions and core scientific issues.

The strategies for development of endemiology for the "14th Five-Year Plan" / 中华地方病学杂志

According to the general goal of long term development of basic science from 2021 to 2035 and the "14th Five-Year Plan" in China, starting from the reasearch characteristics and the basic situation of endemiology, this study discusses the strategic position, development law, development trend, development status and layout, development goals and realization ways of endemiology, combined with the strategic needs of the discipline, the important interdisciplinary research areas of endemiology are put forward. The purpose of this study is to promote the rapid development of basic research on endemic diseases, to provide reference for the scientific and technological layout and policy formulation of the endemiology, to provide reference for the "14th Five-Year Plan" in China, and to provide guarantee for the people in the sick area to seek health.

Effect of optimal time of intermittent pneumatic compression on deep venous thrombosis of critical patients in respiratory department / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of optimal time of intermittent pneumatic compression(IPC) on deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of critical patients in respiratory department.Methods:Totally, 105 critical patients in Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School from July 2018 to October 2019 were divided into experimental group 1, group 2 and group 3 by random digits table method, with 35 cases in each group. The experimental group 1 received IPC treatment with 30 min every time, twice a day; and group 2 received 40 min every time, twice a day; and group 3 received 1 hour every time, twice a day. The incidence of DVT and deep tissue injury was observed among three groups, meanwhile, the coagulation function index among three groups was compared before and after IPC treatment.Results:There was no significant difference in the incidence of DVT among the three groups ( P>0.05), however, the deep tissue injury rate were 22.9% (8/35) in the experimental group 3, significantly higher than 2.9% (1/35) in the experimental group 1 and 5.7% (2/35) in experimental group 2, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 values were 6.248, 4.200, P<0.05). After 2 weeks of treatment, the levels of fbgrinogen and D-Dimer were (5.32±1.82) g/L, (0.71±0.38) mg/L and (4.15±1.82) g/L, (0.39±0.13) mg/L and (3.75±1.46), (0.33± 0.14) mg/L in the experimental group 1, experimental group 2, experimental group 3, respectively; the fbgrinogen and D-Dimer was significantly decreased in the experimental group 2 and experimental group 3 compared to the experimental group 1 ( t values were 2.131-3.977, P<0.05), however, there was no significant difference between experimental group 2 and experimental group 3 ( P>0.05). Conclusions:IPC can be extend to 40 min every time, twice a day, which can significantly improve coagulation function and do not increase the incidence of skin pressure injury of critical patients in respiratory department. It is worth being applied in clinic.

Analysis on the funding of National Natural Science Foundation of China in the field of endemic diseases from 2010 to 2019 / 中华地方病学杂志

Funding of research projects within the category of Endemiology (H2401) funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) from 2010-2019 was summarized in this paper. Granted projects were categorized and analyzed based on the funding type, support institute and disease classification. The characteristics and trends of granted projects supported by NSFC were analyzed and summarized in order to provide reference for researchers to apply for projects in the future.

Quality appraisal of evidence-based guidelines on prevention and repair of perineal injury at vaginal delivery / 中华护理杂志

Objective To review the methodological quality of evidence-based guidelines on prevention and repair of perineal injury at vaginal delivery,and analyze the characteristics of guidelines to provide references for evidence-based decision-making.Methods We systematically searched websites of professional organizations,websites of clinical practice guidelines and databases for guidelines on prevention and repair of perineal injury,and used AGREE Ⅱ to evaluate the chosen guidelines.Results We identified totally 7 relevant evidence-based guidelines in this field.The average standardized scores of guidelines in 6 domains of AGREE Ⅱ were 90.21％(scope and purpose),68.25％ (stakeholder involvement),69.94％ (rigor of development),89.41％ (clarity of presentations),70.63％ (applicability),and 68.25％(independence),respectively.The overall standardized score for 7 guidelines was 75.65％,and the total score was 5.67 (7 points).For overall quality,4 of them were grade A and 3 of them were grade B.Conclusion The overall quality of included guidelines were high,but stakeholder involvement,rigor of development and independence in some guidelines needs to be improved.There was no Chinese evidence-based gui-deline in this field,and high-quality foreign guidelines could be used as evidence in combination with local conditions.

Study on influence of patient perceived medical service quality on satisfaction and behavioral intention / 重庆医学

Objective To study the influence of patient perceived medical service quality on the satisfaction and behavioral intention.Methods The AMOS21.0 software was adopted to construct a structural equation model with satisfaction as a medium for conducting the path analysis among the perceived medical service quality,satisfaction and behavioral intention.Results The perceived medical service quality produced the direct impact on behavioral intention(y=0.50) and satisfaction(γ=0.87),the satisfaction produced the direct impact on behavioral intention(γ=0.38);with the satisfaction as a medium,the perceived medical service quality had the indirect impact(0.33) on behavioral intention and the intermediary rate was 39.76％.Conclusion The perceived medical service quality has active influence on the patient satisfaction and behavior intention,and indirectly acts on the behavioral intention with the satisfaction as intermediary agent.

Effects of fluoride exposure on microRNA-200c expression and its target in human osteoblast Saos-2 cells / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of fluoride exposure on expression of miRNA (miR)-200c and its target in human osteoblast Saos-2 cells.Methods Saos-2 cells were cultured in DMEM/F-12 medium and treated with fluoride (sodium fluoride,NaF).There were two groups including:control group (0 mg/L) and fluoride group (4 mg/L).Cells were harvested after 48 hours of culture with fluoride.The expression of miR-200c,the mRNA of alkaline phosphatase (ALP),osteocalcin (BGP),the target phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and dual-specific phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) of miR-200c was detected by qRT-PCR.The protein expression of PTEN and DUSP1 was detected by Western blotting.Results The expressions of ALP,BGP mRNA and miR-200c in Saos-2 cells in the fluoride group (23.60 ± 1.87,9.41 ± 0.94,8.61 ± 0.26) were higher than those in the control group (1.00 ± 0.11,1.00 ± 0.07,1.00 ± 0.12).The differences were statistically significant (t =-24.084,-18.388,-8.687,P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA expressions of PTEN and DUSP1 in the fluoride group (0.63 ± 0.02,0.38 ± 0.02) were lower than those in the control group (1.02 ± 0.24,1.02 ± 0.24).The differences were statistically significant (t =3.327,5.454,P ＜ 0.05).The protein expressions of PTEN and DUSP1 in Saos-2 cells in the fluoride group (1.19 ± 0.10,0.83 ± 0.07) were lower than those in the control group (1.81 ± 0.14,1.44 ± 0.25).The differences were statistically significant (t =6.250,4.171,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Exposure to fluorine may increase the expression of miR-200c in Saos-2 cells,and fluorine may act on PTEN and DUSP1 through miR-200c,downregulates the mRNA and protein expression levels of PTEN and DUSP1.

Effects of T-2 toxin on chondrocyte proliferation and cell cycle / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To study the effect of T-2 toxin on proliferation and cell cycle of rat chondrocytes,in order to provide a new idea in molecular mechanism of T-2 toxin-induced chondrocyte damage.Methods Primary chondrocytes of neonatal Wistar rats were isolated and stained by toluidine blue staining and type Ⅱ collagen immunofluorescence staining.The effects of different concentrations of T-2 toxin [0 (control),1,5,10,20,50,100 μg/L)] on proliferation of chondrocytes for 24 h were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method,and control,1 (low dose),5 (medium dose),and 10 μg/L (high dose) T-2 toxin were selected for subsequent experiment;cell cycle changes were detected by flow cytometry;Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the effects of T-2 toxin on mRNA and protein expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Cyclin D1 in chondrocytes.Results With increase of T-2 toxin concentration (control,1,5,10,20,50,100 μg/L),the cell survival rates [(100.00 ± 0.00)％,(93.12 ± 1.66)％,(77.12 ± 1.11)％,(59.44 ± 4.09)％,(46.64 ± 3.86)％,(38.15 ± 3.37)％,(33.79 ± 0.99)％] were decreased,and the differences were statistically significant (F =139.21,P ＜0.05).The percentages of quiescent phase/pre-DNA synthesis phase (G0/G1 phase) ceils in 1,5,10 μg/L T-2 toxin groups [(22.03 ± 0.42)％,(30.54 ± 2.61)％,(36.01 ± 1.51)％] were significantly higher than that in control group [(13.79 ± 1.65)％,P ＜ 0.05];the percentages of DNA synthesis phase (S phase) cells [(60.27 ± 3.53)％,(53.88 ±4.38)％,(49.55 ± 2.49)％] were significantly lower than that in control group [(76.72 ± 4.24)％,P ＜ 0.05].The differences of mRNA levels of PCNA and Cyclin D1 between groups were statistically significant (F =46.80,17.97,P ＜ 0.05),and 5,10 μg/L T-2 toxin groups (0.77 ± 0.13,0.79 ± 0.08,0.60 ± 0.07,0.56 ± 0.05) were lower than the control group (0.99 ± 0.02,1.01 ± 0.01,P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of PCNA protein in 5,10 μg/L T-2 toxin groups (0.69 ± 0.03,0.49 ± 0.03) were lower than that in control group (0.92 ± 0.05,P ＜ 0.05);the expressions of Cyclin D1 protein in 1,5,10 μg/L T-2 toxin groups (0.80 ± 0.06,0.60 ± 0.07,0.33 ± 0.13) were lower than that in control group (0.95 ± 0.07,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion T-2 toxin can inhibit the proliferation of chondrocytes,which may be worked through influencing the expression of cell cycle protein,causing cell cycle arrest,thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis.

Anti-Inflammatory and antiviral effects of water-soluble crude extract from Phragmites australis in vitro

Phragmites australis [P. australis], a world wide distributed wetland grass, is traditionally used as food-making helper and spice in China. The pharmacological effect of this plant is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide [LPS]-induced production of inflammatory mediators nitric oxide [NO] and reactive oxygen species [ROS], and the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-a [TNF-alpha] and interleukin-lp [IL-1P] in RAW264.7 macrophage were significantly inhibited by the crude extract. The inflammation pertinent signaling extra cellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 [Erkl/2], P38MAPK, C-Jun and NF-kappaB [NF-KB] activated by LPS could be dramatically inhibited by this extract. It also remarkably inhibited bovine herpes virus type 1 [BoHV-1] replication in MDBK cells. Taken together, here, for the first time we provided P. australis

Implementation of the guideline based clinical practice program for identification and management of dys-phagia in stroke patients / 中华护理杂志

Objectives To implement the guideline-based clinical practice program for identification and manage-ment of dysphagia in stroke patients,and to create a good evidence-based practice culture,and to improve the quality of clinical care. Methods In this study,we use the Iowa model of evidence-based practice as a guide, reference guide issued by RNAO to implement the corresponding implementation strategy tool,and gradually apply the program to the pilot ward. Results The implementation of the program had a positive impact on the patient level (quality of life,satisfaction and hospitalization),the nurse level(satisfaction and knowledge),and the level of eachau-ditcriteria. Conclusion It is possible to improve the clinical nursing quality by adapting the high quality guide-lines for the identification and management of dysphagia in foreign countries and this study can provide reference for the research of future guideline implementation.

Awareness and knowledge about COPD among community general practitioners and general practice residency trainees / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To assess the awareness and knowledge about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) among community general practitioners and general practice residency trainees in Shanghai.Methods Questionnaire was designed and used to investigate the knowledge of COPD among 59 general practitioners from 10 community health centres and 75 general practice trainees in Shanghai from July to September 2012.Results Of the 134 respondents, 49 were male and 85 were female with average age of (30.4 ±8.0) years.In the self-evaluation of “the knowledge about COPD”, “the diagnosis of COPD”,“the differential diagnosis of COPD and asthma”, “the interpretation of lung function report”, “aerosol using method”, “method about absorption apparatus”, “the side effects of bronchodilator”, “COPD rehabilitation” and “long term oxygen therapy, the rates of knowledge mastery were 61.9% ( 83/134 ) , 81.3%(108/133), 83.6% (112/134), 59.0% (79/134), 83.6% (93/134), 35.8% (48/134), 61.2%( 82/134 ) , 56.7% ( 76/134 ) and 61.2% ( 72/134 ) .Except interpretation of “lung function report”, the sores of all items in self-evaluation of the community general practitioners were higher than those of residency trainees ( all P<0.01 ) .Among the COPD related questions, the hightest accuracy rate was 93.3%(125/134) ( smoking cessation can attenuate the declined lung function) and the lowest accrurcy rate was 16.4% ( 22/134 ) ( the differential diagnosis of COPD and asthma ) .Compared with the general practice residents, community general practitioners got lower scores in question “how differentiate COPD from asthma” (6.8%vs.24.0%,χ2 =7.136, P=0.008) and got higher scores in question“the treatment of moderate COPD” (55.9%vs.30.7%,χ2 =8.655, P=0.003).More than half [56.7%(76/134)] of respondents thought that“it is necessary to develop COPD screening in community”, and 20.1%(27/134) thought that“absolutely necessary”.Conclusion The awareness and knowledge about COPD among the community general practitioners and general practice residency trainees are not satisfectory. The future training should focus on the risk factors, the differential diagnosis and treatment of COPD.